Rhesus Medicine Podcast - Medical Education

Ectopic pregnancy explained, including pathophysiology and most common locations, as well as risk factors and ectopic pregnancy symptoms. Also includes diagnosis (including ultrasound findings) and treatment options (expectant, medical and surgical). Notes & Practice Questions: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/gynecology Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/c/RhesusMedicine?sub_confirmation=1 Timestamps: 0:00 What i...

Acute Appendicitis explained, including classic and atypical appendicitis symptoms, the pathophysiology of appendicitis, as well as causes, diagnosis (including scores like the Alvarado score) and treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/products/general-surgery Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicine Buy Us A Cof...

Vitamin B12 Deficiency explained, including the role and absorption of Vitamin B12, the causes and mechanisms causing B12 deficiency as well as the symptoms. We also look at the diagnosis of B12 deficiency including testing MMA or Homocysteine, as well as treatment options. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/products/haematology Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confir...

An approach to chest pain, featuring the main life threatening conditions we don't want to miss - including typical features in the history and physical exam, ECG and recommended further investigations. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/products/assessment-or-interpretation Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicin...

An approach to dyspnea (shortness of breath), including the dyspnea pyramid to remember the differentials, as well as key investigations that help identify the cause, as well as common patterns in the history and physical examination. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/products/assessment-or-interpretation Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Patreon: https://www.pat...

Chest X-ray interpretation made easy, a systematic approach to reading CXR. See on YouTube for pathology examples! PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/products/assessment-or-interpretation Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicine Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicine Timestamps: 0:00 Chest X-Ray Basi...

Liver Function Test (LFT) Interpretation made easy, reviewing the tests included within an LFT as well as the main patterns of Cholestatic vs Hepatocellular injury seen, as well as potential causes. Also includes further details on bilirubin, albumin and clotting profiles, as well as some LFT interpretation pearls and further investigations. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/products/assessment-or-interpretation Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the in...

An approach to interpreting urinalysis, particularly urine dipstick interpretation. Includes main differentials for each test on the dipstick, alongside tips on urine inspection prior to dipping, as well as potential next steps PDFs available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/assessment-or-interpretation Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com...

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) explained, including pathophysiology, causes and a mnemonic for SLE symptoms (SOAP BRAIN MD). We also cover the EULAR / ACR diagnostic criteria for SLE, as well as SLE treatment. PDFs available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/rheumatology Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicine Buy Us A...

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardiac Syndrome (POTS) explained, including proposed pathophysiology, as well as different subtypes. We also review signs and symptoms of POTS, as well as POTS diagnosis and criteria as well as POTS treatment. PDFs available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/cardiology Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rh...

Anaphylaxis explained including anaphylaxis pathophysiology (immunologic vs non immunologic), clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Includes recognition of airway compromise, use of intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine), biphasic anaphylaxis, refractory anaphylaxis, and the immunology underlying type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. PDFs available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/topics Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com...

PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/rheumatology Consider subscribing on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Video Timestamps: 0:00 What is Hereditary Angioedema? 0:58 Causes of Angioedema 1:49 Hereditary Angioedema Pathophysiology 3:07 Hereditary Angioedema Types 4:41 Hereditary Angioedema Symptoms 6:29 Hereditary Angioedema Diagnosis 7:29 Hereditary Angioedema Treatment Please remember this video and all content fr...

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer explained looking at the key differences in each including symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options. Includes Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia pathophysiology as well as epidemiology of both Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate cancer. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/urology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation...

A look at topical steroid potency (including a memory tool to remember them), including topical steroid preparations. We also cover topical steroid effects and topical steroid withdrawal, as well as fingertip units. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/dermatology Please consider leaving a 5* review & subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Patreon: https://www...

Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis) explained, including pathophysiology and symptoms, as well as GCA diagnosis and treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/rheumatology Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicine Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicine Timestamps: 0:00 What is...

Axial Spondyloarthritis (Ankylosing Spondylitis) explained, including the pathophysiology and most common clinical features, as well as Axial Spondyloarthritis diagnosis and treatment. Also includes diagnostic criteria. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/rheumatology Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicine ...

Rheumatoid Arthritis explained, including pathophysiology and typical signs and symptoms (extra articular too!). We also look at rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis (with rheumatoid factor / Anti CCP) and medications such as DMARDs PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/rheumatology Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/rhesusmedicine...

A structure to the acute abdomen and acute abdominal pain - what is acute abdomen, what are the causes of acute abdomen and the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain? Acute abdomen examination (causes by location) as well as history and acute abdomen signs and symptoms. We also take a look at how an acute abdomen is managed. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/general-surgery Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.yout...

Tuberculosis (TB) explained clearly, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis features and transmission, as well as tuberculosis pathophysiology. We also look at tuberculosis symptoms (pulmonary and extrapulmonary), as well as diagnosis (including tuberculin / Mantoux) and treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/microbiology-and-infectious-disease Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?...

An easy way to learn APGAR, a scoring system designed to assess newborns. Includes APGAR mnemonic! PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/paediatrics Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicine Timestamps: 0:00 What is the APGAR Score? 0:19 APGAR Score Mnemonic 1:50 APGAR Score Interpretation / APGAR Score Mean...

Kawasaki Disease is a systemic form of vasculitis that primarily affects children. In this video: Kawasaki Disease pathophysiology (proposed), Kawasaki Disease symptoms (and a mnemonic to help remember them!), as well as the diagnosis (including Z scores) and criteria for Kawasaki Disease! PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/paediatrics For more medicine videos consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB...

In this video we cover Rheumatic Fever; What is it? Rheumatic Fever Pathophysiology, the signs and symptoms of rheumatic fever as well as the diagnosis of rheumatic fever (including the Jones criteria and a rheumatic fever mnemonic!). We then look at the treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/rheumatology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Buy Us A Coffe...

Low back pain is an extremely common complain, in this video we go through the main causes of low back pain, including low back pain red flag symptoms, as well as what to look for in the physical exam and diagnosis. We also look at treatment options for the commonest low back pain causes. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/orthopaedics Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_conf...

Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy explained, including a review of what is the rotator cuff and muscles involved, Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy pathophysiology, as well as symptoms and diagnosis. We look at the Rotator Cuff physical exam, as well as Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy diagnosis and treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/orthopaedics Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confi...

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding is a term that is used to describe abnormal variations in menstruation, and include menorrhagia and heavy menstrual bleeding. In this video we cover what are the causes for abnormal uterine bleeding using the mnemonic PALM COEIN. Also included is the treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/gynecology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8w...

In this video we cover what is endometriosis, where does it most commonly affect as well as the signs and symptoms of endometriosis. Includes endometriosis pathology and theories, as well as how endometriosis is diagnosed and treated. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/gynecology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buym...

A look at ovarian cancer including ovarian cancer subtypes (Epithelial and its subtypes, Germ Cell, Sex Cord Stromal) as well as the signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer and ovarian cancer risk factors. We also take a look at how ovarian cancer is staged (FIGO Staging of Ovarian Cancer) and how that affects the prognosis and treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/gynecology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.y...

Microscopic Colitis is a form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease that is characterized by normal appearance on colonoscopy. It is a cause of chronic, non bloody, watery diarrhea. We cover the subtypes (lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis), the signs and symptoms of microscopic colitis, as well as the diagnosis and treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/gastroenterology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.y...

A look at Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), more specifically the two main forms of IBD which are Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease, going through each condition as well as looking at the differences between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's disease. Includes the signs and symptoms of each, including extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease, as well as differences in the histology. PDFs available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/gastroenterology Consider subs...

In this video we look at primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis (previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis), and the differences between them. This includes pathophysiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms of primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis as well as their diagnosis (including autoantibodies!) and treatment. PDFs available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/gastroenterology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the inf...

A look at Colorectal Cancer, the 3rd most common cancer worldwide. We go into the risk factors of colorectal cancer, the signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer (and how they change based on location of the cancer), the diagnosis and screening, as well as treatment of colorectal cancer and its prognosis. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/general-surgery Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E...

In this video we cover Gastric Cancer / Stomach Cancer, looking at risk factors for it as well as what are the signs and symptoms of Gastric Cancer (with Troisier's sign!). Also includes the most common locations of gastric cancer, how gastric cancer is diagnosed (including staging), and how is gastric cancer treated. PDFs available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/gastroenterology For more medicine videos consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://...

A look at fibromyalgia, a common but poorly understood condition causing chronic widespread pain. Includes symptoms of fibromyalgia, as well as how fibromyalgia is diagnosed (with Widespread Pain Index and Symptom Severity Scores!) and fibromyalgia treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/rheumatology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Buy Us A Coffee!: https:...

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder, affecting 5-15% of the population. In this video we cover irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, the criteria (Rome IV criteria) as well as what may cause irritable bowel syndrome. We also look at irritable bowel syndrome treatment and who is at risk of developing irritable bowel syndrome. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/gastroenterology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtu...

Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMJ Dysfunction) comes under the umbrella term of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder, and in this video we go through TMJ Disorder (including Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Treatment & Anatomy). Also includes risk factors/potential causes of TMJ disorder. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/ent Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confir...

Intestinal ischemia refers to a group of conditions seen with inadequate blood flow to the intestines. This includes acute mesenteric ischemia and chronic mesenteric ischemia, affecting the small intestine, and ischemic colitis affecting the large intestine. We cover the anatomy, pathology and signs of symptoms of each form of intestinal ischemia, and also look at the diagnosis and treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/gastroenterology Consider subscribing (...

In this video we cover the different types of heart block as well as heart block ECG interpretation, including 1st degree, 2nd degree which has two types- Mobitz 1 or Wenckebach and Mobitz 2, as well as 3rd degree heart block also known as complete heart block. We also look at causes, symptoms and treatment options for each type of heart block. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/cardiology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://ww...

A look at hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, including signs and symptoms, pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and its diagnosis (and murmur!). Also features hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treatment options. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/cardiology For more medicine videos consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Bu...

Brugada Syndrome is a genetic condition that predisposes to sudden cardiac death. In this video we cover the Brugada Syndrome ECG changes and Brugada Syndrome Pathophysiology, as well as symptoms and treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/ Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicine Timestamps: 0:00 What i...

Dilated Cardiomyopathy is the most common cardiomyopathy. We cover causes, including pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/cardiology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Timestamps: 0:00 What is Dilated Cardiomyopathy? 0:13 Dilated Cardiomyopathy Epidemiology 0:53 Dilated Card...

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, also known as Broken Heart Syndrome, Stress Cardiomyopathy or Apical Ballooning Syndrome, is a condition that impairs the heart's ability to contract effectively. Takotsubo means octopus trap in Japanese, which is the shape the left ventricle resembles in this condition. We look at Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy pathology and symptoms, diagnosis including ECG changes as well as treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/cardiology Consider sub...

PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/cardiology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Timestamps: 0:00 What is Heart Failure / Heart Failure Definition 0:11 Systolic vs Diastolic Heart Failure 0:31 How is Cardiac Output Calculated 2:28 Causes of Heart Failure 4:39 Heart Failure Risk Factors 5:24 Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure 6:12 Diagnosis of Heart Fail...

Acute Coronary Syndrome refers to a spectrum of conditions including Unstable Angina, Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. In this video we look at the pathology behind acute coronary syndrome, the differences between Unstable angina, NSTEMI and STEMI, as well as the signs and symptoms, diagnosis (including ECG changes!) and treatment of each. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/cardiology Consider subscribing (if you found a...

Myopericarditis includes both myocarditis and pericarditis. In this video we cover what is myopericarditis, as well as causes of myocarditis and pericarditis, signs and symptoms of pericarditis and myocarditis, as well as the diagnosis and treatment. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/cardiology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www...

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, or Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, is a debilitating long term condition that affects around 1% of the population. We look at the signs and symptoms including diagnostic criteria, possible causes, risk factors for chronic fatigue syndrome as well as treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/neurology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7b...

An overview of what is a hiatus hernia (including sliding & paraesophageal classification), the causes of a hiatus hernia as well as the most common signs and symptoms. Also includes diagnosis and treatment of hiatus hernia. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/gastroenterology Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.co...

Atrial Fibrillation is the most commonly diagnosed cardiac arrhythmia. In this video we cover what is atrial fibrillation, the signs and symptoms, causes of atrial fibrillation and the complications of atrial fibrillation. We also look at how atrial fibrillation is diagnosed, and treated (with rate vs rhythm control). PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/cardiology For more medicine videos consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www....

Venous Thromboembolism refers to the presence of blood clots in veins, in particular deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. We cover both, including Virchow's Triad and the pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism. Also included are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of both. PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/respiratory Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): h...

A complete look at asthma, including asthma pathophysiology, causes, as well as asthma signs and symptoms. Also includes how asthma is diagnosed as well as asthma treatment. PDFs available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/respiratory Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicine Timestamps: 0:00 What is Asthma / Asthma Definitio...

An easy way to remember the bones of the wrist and hand, including names, position and fractures like the Boxer's Facture! PDFs available at: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/orthopaedics Consider subscribing (if you found any of the info useful!): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRks8wB6vgz0E7buP0L_5RQ?sub_confirmation=1 Buy Us A Coffee!: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/rhesusmedicine Timestamps: 0:00 Bones of the Wrist Mnemonic 0:54 Scaphoid Fracture (Avascular Necrosis) 1:36 ...